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• A 20-Year History of the Antiballistic Missile Program (film)
  • Producer
    • Bell Labs for the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Defense Systems Command
    • Film Enterprises, Inc., New York, NY
  • Date: Unknown
  • Video Clips
  • Available as part of the "Media Pack" on the SRMSC Reunion Merchandise page.
  • Complete video (48:56):
    • AT&T Archives (best quality) (New window)
    • YouTube (New window)

• 321^st Missile Wing at Grand Forks: Cold War Legacy
  • An Air Force pamphlet with detailed information about the now deactivated 321^st Missile Wing that was based at Grand Forks Air Force Base. Safeguard was deployed to protect this wing's Minuteman missiles. Included are several color photos of artwork done by launch crews at some of the launch control centers.
  • Author: ?
  • Publisher: U.S. Air Force
  • Date: ?
  • PDF Document 895k

• ABM Research and Development at Bell Laboratories: Project History
  • Author: ?
  • Publisher: Bell Labs for the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Defense Systems Command
  • Date: 1975
  • PDF Files

• Annual Report of Major Activities, US Army Armament Command
  • Author: ?
  • Publisher: HQ, US Army Armament Command, Rock Island, IL
  • Date: FY 1975
  • Contributed by Ron Plante
  • Relevant content:
    • Chapter XIII, Project Green Mittens
      • Transportation logistics for Safeguard munitions (nuclear warheads)
      • PDF pg 13, Doc pg 275
      • PDF Document 482k
    • Chapter XXVII, Project Manager for Safeguard Munitions
      • FY 1975 yearly report from the Safeguard munitions project manager
      • PDF pg 5, Doc pg 1379
      • PDF Document 419k

• Antiballistic Missile System Evaluation
  • Discussion of simulations that were employed to evaluate the Safeguard system design.
  • Author: MAJ Craig R. Ailles
  • Publisher: Army Research & Development News Magazine
  • Date: May 1974
  • PDF Document 129k

• Archie to SAM: A Short Operational History of Ground-Based Air Defense
  • An update to Kenneth Werrell's Archie, Flak, AAA, and SAM published in 1988. He continues to study ground-based air defense systems in new events, including the Gulf War.
  • Author: Kenneth P. Werrell
  • Publisher: Air University Press
  • Date: 2005
  • Available via free download or hardcopy purchase at Air University Press (New window)

• Army Air Artillery Defense School, Ft. Bliss, TX
  • Author: Designed and produced by HNTB Corp. in co-operation with Miratek Corp.
  • Publisher: Ft. Bliss
  • Date:
  • PDF Document 3m

• Atomic Journeys (Welcome to Ground Zero) (video)
  • Contains dramatic archive film footage done during the nuclear explosion test of the ~ 5 Megaton SPARTAN missile warhead conducted beneath Amchitka Island, Alaska.
  • Producer: atomcentral.com - Atomic Central (New window)
  • Date: 1999

• The Bell System Technical Journal, Special Supplement, Safeguard Data-Processing System
  • Author: see PDF Files
  • Publisher: American Telephone and Telegraph Co.
  • Date: 1975
  • PDF Files

• Communications for Safeguard
  • Provides a non-technical overview of the Safeguard Communications Agency (SAFCA)
  • Author: Donald F. Hemphill, LTC, U.S. Army
  • Publisher: Air War College, Air University, Maxwell AFB, Alabama
  • Date: 1972
  • PDF Document 843k

• To Defend and Deter: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Missile Program
  • Antiballistic Missiles (ABMs): the Safeguard System
  • USA-CERL Special Report, N-97/01
  • Authors:
    • John C. Lonnquest
    • David F. Winkler
  • Publisher: Dept. of Defense, Legacy Resource Management Program, Cold War Project
  • Date: Nov 1996
  • PDF Document 41.8m (New window)

• Fort Bliss Main Post Early Cold War BASOPS
  Building Inventory and Evaluation, 1951-1963
  • Despite "1951-63" in the title, there are several pages on Safeguard training beginning on page 91, and there's a photo of the training launcher area on page 94. Also, a map of the Safeguard training complex is on page 108.
  • Authors:
    • Susan Enscore
    • Adam Smith
    • Sunny Stone
  • Publisher: USACE, Engineer Research & Development Center
  • Date: 2006
  • PDF Document 8.2m

• Future Air Defense Missile Systems
  • This 1969 Army training manual provides an excellent introduction to phased array radar, the Safeguard system, and the SAM-D system (early version of Patriot). It's in three pdf files that were originally on Rolf D. Gorigk's Nike Missile site, which unfortunately no longer exists.
  • Publisher: U.S. Army Missile and Munitions Center and School
  • Date: Jun 1969
  • Contents:
    • Lesson 1 (part 1): Phased Array Antennas
      • PDF Document 1 499k
    • Lesson 1 (part 2): Phased Array Antennas
      Lesson 2 (part 1): Safeguard
      • PDF Document 2 473k
    • Lesson 2 (part 2): Safeguard
      Lesson 3: The SAM-D MIssile System (Patriot)
      • PDF Document 3 682k

• FY 73 Safeguard Rationale
  • "This paper is in response to the President's direction to review the Safeguard program annually in accordance with his public commitment of March 14, 1969. The review covers:
    - technical problems and progress
    - changes in the threat
    - progress in the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks"
  • Author: Department of Defense
  • Date: February 1972
  • Contributed by Michael Ophus via Facebook (2)
  • PDF Document 1.7m

• High Altitude Nuclear Weapon Effects - Part Two - Systems Interference <$
  • Author: Defense Nuclear Agency
  • Date: 1963
  • YouTube 16:10, 6 Mar 2019 (posted by Nuclear Vault)

• Historic American Engineering Record: The Stanley R. Mickelsen Safeguard Complex
  • HAER Document Number ND-9 containing collections:
    • ND-9-A through ND-9-Z
    • ND-9-AA through ND-9-AU
  • Authors:
    • Historical Office, U.S. Army Space and Stratgic Defense Command:
      • James A. Walker (Command Historic Preservation Officer)
      • Frances Martin (Historian)
      • Sharon Watkins (Historian)
    • Teledyne Brown Engineering:
      • Mark E. Hubbs (Historian)
    • Earth Tech:
      • James E. Zielinski (Environmental Specialist)
  • Publisher: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service
  • Date: Sept 1996
  • Volume 1: Historical Context
    • PDF (99 pages) 5.8m
  • Volume 2: Architectural Data and Photographs
    • PDF (304 pages) 8.1m
    • The low quality images in the HAER photo copy are not included in the PDF. To view these photos in high resolution on the Library of Congress web site, use HAER ND-9 Volume 2 Photo Index

• A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System, National Service in War And Peace (1925-1975)
  • Author: Members of the Bell Labs Technical Staff, M. D. Fagen, Editor
  • Publisher: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc.
  • Date: 1978

• A History of the Huntsville Division 15 October 1967 - 31 December 1976
  • Information on construction of the SRMSC as well as the aborted Montana site.
  • Author: James H. Kitchens, III
  • Publisher: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Huntsville, AL
  • Date: Sept 1978
  • PDF Files

• The Impact Of The Safeguard Antiballistic Missile System Construction On Northeastern North Dakota <$
  • Author:
    • Randal C. Coon, Norman L. Dalsted, Arlen G. Leholm, F. Larry Leistritz
    • Department of Agricultural Economics
    • North Dakota State University
  • Date: April 1976
  • Contributed by David McKinney Jr via Facebook (2)
  • PDF Document 4.9m

• Introduction To The Safeguard Data Processing System <$
  • Author: Bell Telephone Laboratories
  • Date: 28 April 1972
  • Contributed by Chris Craft via Facebook (2)
  • PDF Document 43.5m

• Letter from the Director, GAO to Elliot Richardson, Secretary of Defense
  • Discusses Corps of Engineers negotiations with primary contractor Morrison-Knudsen regarding payment of charges resulting from change orders to more than 75% of the 4,500 construction drawings.
  • Author: Director, GAO
  • Publisher:
  • Date: 27 February 1973
  • Contributed by Dave Fields
  • PDF Document 176k

• Media Coverage
  • Newspaper and magazine articles about Safeguard and SRMSC.

• Minuteman Missile - A Tribute To The ICBM Program (New window)
  • Excellent and extensive web site devoted to the Minuteman ICBM system.
  • Author: Dave Fields
  • Date: July 2016

• Missile Defense Thirty Years Ago: Deja Vu All Over Again? (New window)
  • A history of the U.S. ABM deployment from a political perspective with implications for the current NMD system. Includes original letters, memos, telegrams, etc. from Nixon, Kissinger, and others involved in the deployment of Sentinel/Safeguard.
  • Editor: William Burr
  • Website: The National Security Archive, George Washington University
  • Date: Dec 2000

• MSR High Level Transmitter
  • Overview and detailed descriptions of the MSR high level transmitter.
  • Author: Ves Fulp
  • Publisher: n/a
  • Date: July 2010
  • Overview   |   Detail

• Nike Zeus: America's First Anti-Ballistic Missile
  • The pioneering U.S. Army effort to develop an ICBM defense system that ultimately evolved into the Safeguard Spartan missile subsystem.
  • Author: Missile Defense Agency Historian
  • Publisher: Missile Defense Agency
  • Date: September 2006
  • PDF Document 4.4m (New window)

• Nike Zeus (video)
  • Video in the Bell Labs / Western Electric (AT&T) archives describing Nike Zeus.
  • Author:
  • Publisher: Bell Labs / Western Electric
  • Date: 1961
  • 17:27 (New window)

• Northrop Grumman to upgrade U.S. early warning military radar <$
  • Author: John Keller
  • Date: 4 Jun 2018
  • PDF document 388k Contributed by Jeff Krob via Facebook (2)

• Nukes in Space (The Rainbow Bombs) (video)
  • Contains several clips of the Safeguard installation and a Sprint launch sequence.
  • Producer: atomcentral.com - Atomic Central (New window)
  • Date: 1999
  • Video Clips

• The Origins of SDI 1944-1983
  • Author: Donald R. Baucom
  • Publisher: University Press of Kansas
  • Date: 1995
  • Back in print:
  • www.kansaspress.ku.edu (New window)

• Program Documentation Cooper-Bessemer LSV-I6, Diesel <$
  • A Fortran Program to simulate operation of the LSV-I6 Diesel Engine
  • Author: B. M. Allen, et al; Arthur D. Little, Inc
  • Date: November, 1971
  • Contributed by David McKinney Jr via Facebook (2)
    • From David McKinney:
      This documentation is a description of the computer program, which provided the OCE (Office of the Chief of Engineers (Army)) with a mathematical model of the Cooper-Bessemer LSV-16 diesel engine with associated electrical generating equipment and synchronous fuel control to exercise and to predict the performance of the diesel engine power system to electrical load changes and air shock waves due to changes in the environment. Mathematics wizards will love it!
  • PDF Document 16m

• Progress in Defense and Space
  • A History of the Aerospace Group of the General Electric Company
  • This excerpt chronicles GE's involvement in ballistic missile defense from Nike-Zeus through the Safeguard PAR and several later systems (Pave Paws, Hardsite Defense).
  • Author: Major A. Johnson
  • Date: unknown
  • Contributed by Jeff Krob
  • PDF Document 1.3m

• R & D Software
  Generation Breakdown
  Volume 1 <$
  • Author: Bell Telephone Laboratories
  • Date: Unknown
  • Contributed by John Delebo via Facebook (2)
  • Cover

• Rings of Supersonic Steel (2nd Edition)
  • Information on anti-aircraft and anti-ballistic missile systems.
  • Includes a U.S. Army Air Defense Site Guide (by defense area).
  • Authors:
    • Mark Berhow
    • Mark Morgan
  • Date: Jun 2002 (2nd edition)
  • More information

• Safeguard -- A Step Toward Peace
  • Author: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Huntsville Division
  • Publisher: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Huntsville Division
  • Date:
  • Excerpts:
    • MSR Launch Area
    • Launch Area EDC's
    • LAUT
    • RLOB

• Safeguard ABM Defense System
  • General overview of the Safeguard system, with an interesting discussion about the Safeguard System Master Plan (SSMP) Part 2.08, Safeguard Design Threat and the intelligence inputs to it.
  • Author: LTC Robert C. Westerfeldt
  • Publisher: Army Research & Development News Magazine
  • Date: Dec 1972
  • PDF Document 265k

• The Safeguard Ballistic Missile Defense System, Description and History
  • Author: Ballistic Missile Defense Department
  • Publisher: U.S. Army Air Defense School, Ft. Bliss, TX
  • Date: 18 May 1973
  • Contributed by Hugh Murphy
  • PDF Document 1.9m

• Safeguard Lightning Evaluation Task Group: Summary Report
  • "The Safeguard Lightning Evaluation Task Group was established by the Sprint and Spartan electrical environment working groups to assess the lightning vulnerability of the warhead sections for the Sprint and Spartan systems."
  • Author: Sandia Laboratories
  • Date: July 1971
  • Contributed by Facebook (2)
  • PDF Document 1.4m

• Safeguard Missile Training Program, Ft. Bliss, TX
  • Author: Designed and produced by HNTB Corp.
  • Publisher: Ft. Bliss
  • Date: 2008
  • PDF Document 4m

• Safeguard Training Program: Tactical Programming Fundamentals
  • Author: Western Electric
  • Date: Unknown
  • Contributed by Chris Craft via Facebook (2)
  • Cover

• Seize the High Ground; The U.S. Army In Space and Missile Defense
  • Authors:
    • Dr. James Walker
    • Dr. Lewis Bernstein
    • Mrs. Sharon Lang
  • Publisher: Historical Office, U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command
  • Date: 2003
  • PDF version available at Space & Missile Defense Command (New window)

• The Shield of Faith; The Hidden Struggle for Strategic Defense
  • Author: B. Bruce-Briggs
  • Publisher: Simon and Schuster, Inc.
  • Date: 1988

• SMDC History - The First ABM Site in the Free World
  • Timeline of events related to R&D, political decisions, and deployment of the SRMSC.
  • Also see Strategic Defense: Four Decades of Progress
  • Author: ?
  • Publisher: U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command
  • Date: ?
  • MS Word document 54k (New window; scroll down to bottom of page)

• Strategic Defense: Four Decades of Progress
  • Timeline of events related to R&D, political decisions, and deployment of ballistic missile defense.
  • Also see SMDC History - The First ABM Site in the Free World
  • Authors:
    • James A. Walker
    • Frances Martin
    • Sharon S. Watkins
  • Publisher: Historical Office, U.S. Army Space & Strategic Defense Command
  • Date: 1995
  • PDF Document 79k

• Tactical Support Software
  Overview Manual, Part 2
  Concepts and Techniques of Real-Time Design
  • Author: Bell Telephone Laboratories
  • Date: Unknown
  • Contributed by Chris Craft via Facebook (2)
  • Cover

• U.S. Army Depot, Safeguard
  • Provided supply and maintenance support to tactical Safeguard units.
  • Author: U.S. Army Safeguard Logistics Command (SAFLOG)
  • Publisher: U.S. Army Safeguard Logistics Command (SAFLOG)
  • Date: 1972
  • PDF Document 357k

• Weapons of World War 3
  • Author: William J. Koenig
  • Publisher: Bison Books Limited
  • Date: 1981

• W/SC Telephone Directory
  • Western Electric / Subcontractors telephone directory containing the names of hundreds of personnel working on activation of the SRMSC complex.
  • Author:
  • Contributed by: Roger Thompson
  • Publisher: Western Electric Company
  • Date: Sept 1974